The following is a List of Romanian communists, including both activists of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) and people actively engaged in other communist groups (including people of Romanian origin who were members of communist parties in other countries).
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Toward the end of the PCR's existence, membership was dramatically increased based on several, mainly artificial, criteria (to almost 4 million members for a total population of 22 million in 1989 — in relative terms, it was the strongest communist party); thus, membership in the party after ca. 1968 is not in itself a relevant factor in establishing whether a person was in fact a communist. Simple members of the PCR who have not been engaged in party politics or held political offices should not be included here.
| Gheorghe Cristescu | 1921–1924 |
| Elek Köblös | 1924–1927 |
| Vitali Holostenco | 1927–1931 |
| Alexander Stefanski | 1931–1936 |
| Boris Stefanov | 1936–1940 |
| Ştefan Foriş | 1940–1944 |
| Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej | 1945–1954 |
| Gheorghe Apostol | 1954–1955 |
| Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej | 1955–1965 |
| Nicolae Ceauşescu | 1965–1989 |